员工行为安全管理系统的初步构建

现有的企业安全管理主要依靠管理人员监督管理,对员工行为的规范化管理效果有限。针对常见的员工不安全行为,提出建立员工行为安全管理系统促使员工行为规范化,并将其分为4个部分:违规提示系统,危险警报系统,辅助提示系统,紧急制动系统,辅以"自我观察法"作为配套管理措施,将员工意识由"要我安全"向"我要安全"转变,以期能够减少由不安全行为引发的事故,促进企业安全文化的逐步形成。     

Proactive career behaviors and subjective career success: The moderating role of national culture

Although career proactivity has positive consequences for an individual's career success, studies mostly examine objective measures of success within single countries. This raises important questions about whether proactivity is equally beneficial for different aspects of subjective career success, and the extent to which these benefits extend across cultures. Drawing on Social Information Processing theory, we examined the relationship between proactive career behaviors and two aspects of subjective career success—financial success and work‐life balance—and the moderating role of national culture. We tested our hypotheses using multilevel analyses on a large‐scale sample of 11,892 employees from 22 countries covering nine of GLOBE's 10 cultural clusters. Although we found that proactive career behaviors were positively related to subjective financial success, this relationship was not significant for work‐life balance. Furthermore, career proactivity was relatively more important for subjective financial success in cultures with high in‐group collectivism, high power distance, and low uncertainty avoidance. For work‐life balance, career proactivity was relatively more important in cultures characterized by high in‐group collectivism and humane orientation. Our findings underline the need to treat subjective career success as a multidimensional construct and highlight the complex role of national culture in shaping the outcomes of career proactivity.     

Overqualification and counterproductive work behaviors: Examining a moderated mediation model

The current study examined the effect of employees' perceived overqualification on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). Building on person–job fit theory and prior research on such organizational phenomena, we conceptualized overqualification as a type of poor person–job fit. Drawing on the dual‐process model, we further suggested that in processing their person–job misfit, overqualified employees might cognitively appraise themselves as less worthy organizational members and experientially feel angry toward the employment situation. We also suggested that to the extent that overqualified people are sensitive to justice, they may react more or less strongly to being overqualified. We tested our predictions using time‐lagged data from a sample of 224 workers and their supervisors employed in a large manufacturing company in China. Consistent with our theoretical framework, we found that organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE) and anger toward employment situation mediated the positive relationships between perceived overqualification and both self‐rated and supervisor‐rated CWBs. In addition, justice sensitivity moderated the relationship between perceived overqualification and the mediators (i.e., OBSE and anger) and the indirect relationship between perceived overqualification and CWB. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings as well as future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上海粘土流变性质及地面沉降问题的初步研究（二）

根据试验结果提出了一个新的粘－弹－塑性模型,并与以前其他研究者和模型作了比较,了分析试验结果时应注意的一些重要问题,最后,对上海地面沉降问题作了粗略的分析。     

Male competition in Cardiocondyla ants

The two types of males in the ant genus Cardiocondyla differ remarkably in morphology and behavior. Ergatoid males are wingless fighters whose spermatogenesis continues throughout their entire adult lives and which therefore have an “unlimited” sperm supply. They attempt to kill all eclosing ergatoid rivals and thus to increase their share in copulations with the virgin queens reared in their nests. Winged males, on the other hand, are docile and emigrate from the nests a few days after eclosion, probably to mate with queens from other colonies. By this time, their testes have fully degenerated and all sperm is stored in the seminal vesicles. Before emigration, winged males may mate with virgin queens in their maternal nests, but they are nevertheless rarely attacked by ergatoid males. In the laboratory, the life expectancy of ergatoid males is only slightly higher than that of winged males, but because of the emigration of the latter the difference is likely to be more pronounced in the field. Both male morphs are capable of inseminating more than 35 virgin queens. However, winged males older than 14 days mate less often than ergatoid males of similar age, probably due to sperm depletion in later life. The spermathecae of queens inseminated by ergatoid males contained significantly more sperm than those of queens which mated with winged males. We discuss the evolution of intranidal mating and male polymorphism in ants. Received: 8 August 1997 / Accepted after revision: 6 October 1997     

基于人工社会模型的退田还湖生态补偿机制实例研究

基于补偿者和受偿者意愿的研究方法是建立切实可行的生态补偿机制的有效手段。为探讨在我国许多地区开展退田还湖生态补偿政策的有效实施机制,减少洪涝灾害与生态环境退化负面效应,研究构建了基于农户、政府和企业三类主体及其相互作用的生态补偿模型,并重点分析生态补偿标准、洪灾风险、生态环境保护、劳动力本地转移政策等因素对农户主体土地利用决策的影响。以鄱阳湖区莲湖乡为实例,以农户和企业从事生产活动的行为特征和政府宏观调控方式为基本准则,利用构建的多主体模型模拟了不同补偿机制下退田还湖政策可能产生的土地利用长期效应。结果表明,政府给予农户的经济补偿可以使农户自愿实施退田,但在不同情景下,政府实施退田还湖的代价和达到预期目标的时限差距显著。企业参与不仅能减轻政府的经济负担,同时也有利于剩余农村劳动力的转移。政府发展壮大当地经济,提高农业劳动力向非农产业转移的速度和质量,均有助于推进退田还湖政策的有效实施。     

树脂基复合材料模拟海洋环境长期老化及失效行为

目的 实现高性能树脂基复合材料的环境适应性评价和使用寿命预测。方法 选取玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯(GF/197S)与玻璃纤维增强乙烯基脂(GF/905-2)2种树脂基轻质复合材料,开展模拟海洋环境实验室盐雾、湿热和盐水浸泡环境9 600 h的加速老化试验。基于4种力学性能(拉伸强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度及层间剪切强度)开展材料老化行为规律研究,利用傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)对树脂基体在3种加速老化环境中的分子链段与官能团变化情况进行分析,得到基体树脂的老化机理。利用外观、超声扫描成像、SEM分析树脂纤维界面的变化情况,明确树脂/纤维界面的失效模式。利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)与热重分析(TG)分析3种加速老化方式对玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料(GFRPC)的玻璃化转变温度(tg)与热质量损失的影响。结果 3种老化方式对树脂基体的老化影响顺序依次为70 ℃/95%RH湿热、35 ℃盐雾、常温盐水浸泡。结论 得到了先进轻质树脂基复合材料的模拟海洋环境老化行为、失效模式以及树脂基体的老化机理,为实现高性能树脂基复合材料的环境适应性评价和使用寿命预测奠定了基础。     

An overview for the utilization of wastes from stainless steel industries

Significant quantities of wastes are generated as the waste materials or byproducts every day from stainless steel processes. According to the origins and characteristics, the stainless steel wastes can be mainly classified into two categories, slags and dusts. They usually contained considerable quantities of valuable metals and materials. This paper summarized and analyzed the generation, composition, characteristics and the leaching behaviors of the most of wastes obtained from the stainless steel processes. On this basis, a review of several methods for treating the various stainless steel wastes was made. It is very essential not only for recycling the valuable metals and mineral resources but also for protecting the environment.     

Actual and perceived social norms of children’s road crossing behavior

This study compared the actual and perceived social norms regarding road crossing behaviors, and aimed at uncovering a misperception of group norms. The basic notion underlying the study was that if children perceived the behaviors and attitudes of their friends regarding road crossing as more negative than they actually are, this might lead the children to adopt riskier behavior when crossing the road. The participants were comprised of 123 elementary school children (ages from 6 to 13; 78 boys - 65% and 42 girls - 35%) from Beitar-Ilit, a religious city in Israel. A questionnaire especially constructed for the study was administered to the participants. A t-test yielded a significant difference between the child’s own attitudes score and the perceived peers’ attitudes score. On average, children perceive their friends’ attitudes with regard to road crossing behaviors as being more negative compared to their own attitudes. A second t-test yielded a significant difference between the child’s own behavior score and the perceived peers’ behavior score. Children perceived the road crossing behavior of their friends as riskier relative to their own crossing behavior. A regression test revealed that the variables, perceived peers’ attitudes and perceived peers’ behaviors, contributed significantly to the explained variance: the more risky the perceived peers’ attitudes and behaviors with regard to road crossing, the more risky the child’s own behavior when crossing the road. It is hoped that an interventional educational program based on positive norms in the social group will encourage children to exhibit safe behavior in the roads.     

Too much of a good thing: Curvilinear effect of positive affect on proactive behaviors

Current organizational theory and research affirm the beneficial effects of experiencing positive affect at work. In recent years, researchers have begun to question the popular notion that the more positive affect at work, the better—that more positive affect is desirable for work‐related outcomes. In this article, we propose a rationale for why more positive affect may not be better for proactive behaviors at work. Findings from two field studies using two unique data sources demonstrate support for our hypothesis, suggesting that intermediate levels of positive affect are most beneficial for proactive behaviors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.